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What is an eSIM? Here’s everything you need to know
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What is an eSIM? Here’s everything you need to know
By Jesse Hollington and Mark Jansen
Updated March 19, 2024
If you’ve purchased a new cell phone in the past decade or so, you’re probably already
familiar with the SIM—the little thumbnail-sized card that’s used to connect to your your
carrier’s cellular network —but in recent years smartphone manufacturers and carriers
have started replacing them with something called an eSIM.
The “e” in eSIM stands for “embedded,” which makes sense as this is a SIM card that stays inside your phone and can’t be removed. It performs the same function as a traditional SIM card but has the potential to make things a lot simpler for most smartphone users. Almost any new phone you buy nowadays features eSIM technology, including the new iPhone 15.
In fact, the iPhone 15 doesn’t even have a physical SIM card slot available, and all iPhone
15 users need to transfer to eSIM — giving a hint at where the technology is going. Pretty soon eSIMs could become the standard, with physical SIM cards gradually fading out of use. But if you’re confused by the concept of an eSIM, don’t worry — we’ve got you covered. Read on as we get more specific about what eSIM technology truly is, and how it differs from its predecessor, the physical SIM card.
What is an eSIM?
An embedded SIM, also known as an eSIM, is a SIM card that’s built into your
smartphone and can’t be removed. It performs the same function as a traditional SIM,
except that it’s programmable and physically connected (soldered) to your smartphone’s
motherboard.
This may seem problematic at first glance. For instance, when traveling abroad using
phones with removable SIM cards, you can swap to another carrier’s SIM card to get
local coverage and avoid paying roaming fees from your primary carrier. Likewise, if you
want to switch local carriers but keep your phone, a removable SIM card can be popped
out and easily replaced with a new one in seconds. Your first impression may be that
this is impossible with an eSIM.
However, eSIM technology actually makes switching carriers even easier, at least in
theory. Instead of waiting for a new SIM card to ship or making a trip to a local store to
pick one up, you can make the switch right on your phone by entering information from
your carrier — often just by scanning a QR code with your smartphone’s camera. If your
smartphone has an eSIM inside, you’ll find options in the settings that allow you
to configure your eSIM, switch between lines and carriers, and manage your accounts. If
you’re a dual-SIM user, eSIM technology may even support multiple accounts — and
switching between them is super easy.
Unfortunately, while getting an eSIM should be easier than obtaining a physical SIM,
that’s not always the case. Some carriers have taken longer than others to embrace the
seamlessness of eSIM, and it’s not uncommon to encounter a few that still want to mail
you your eSIM codes or have you visit a store before you can set up your phone. That
takes away one of the biggest advantages of using an eSIM, but thankfully most carriers
are working quickly to catch up with the times.
The other significant benefit of eSIM technology is the space saved by removing a
physical SIM tray. Devices can be smaller because the eSIM chip is embedded in the
device’s motherboard — there’s no unnecessary space taken up by placing a slot and
tray on the outside edge of the device. This allows for thinner designs and larger
batteries. It also helps with improving water resistance by eliminating another place
where moisture can get inside your phone.
Devices with eSIM technology
All of the major phone manufacturers now offer eSIM technology in their phones: Apple
iPhones have it (including, of course, the recently released iPhone 15), Samsung
Galaxy devices have it, Google Pixel phones have it, and flagship Motorola phones have
it. If you buy a new phone, chances are strong you’ll have eSIM functionality in the palm
of your hands. Many tablets and watches include eSIM technology too, including Apple
Watches and iPads.
Speaking of Apple, all iPhones from the iPhone 13 on offer support for using two eSIM
cards, letting users get dual-SIM support without the need for a physical SIM card. In
fact, Apple removed the physical SIM card slot entirely for the U.S. models of the iPhone
14 lineup, making eSIM the only way to get your iPhone 14 activated on a carrier
network.
iPhone 14 models sold in most other countries still include two eSIM cards and one
physical SIM card slot, the same as the iPhone 13. The notable exception to this rule is
China, where eSIM has never been included on an iPhone. Instead, when Apple debuted
the iPhone XS/XR in China, it provided two physical SIM card slots. That practice has
continued to this day.
However, if you’re in the U.S. and want a physical SIM card slot on your iPhone 14,
there’s one thing you’ll want to keep in mind before hopping up to Canada or down to
Mexico to do a little cross-border shopping. Although all North American iPhone
models support the same 4G/LTE, low-band 5G, and mid-band 5G frequencies, only the
U.S. iPhone models support the mmWave 5G used for the fastest portions of
Verizon’s 5G Ultra Wideband and AT&T’s 5G Plus coverage.
When can I start using an eSIM?
Chances are, your mobile device already has an eSIM card, as we’ve outlined
above. Laptops with cellular connectivity mostly connect using eSIM technology, like the
Surface Pro X and various models from Acer, Asus, Dell, HP, Lenovo, and Samsung. You
will still see cases where SIM cards are employed in laptop designs, but that’s becoming
far less common.
Until eSIM tech becomes the universal standard, many phones will still have a tray
designated for a removable SIM card. There’s nothing wrong with using one of these
phones — it’s just an older means to identify you on a carrier’s network. Still, swapping
out a SIM card can be troublesome, given its size and delicate do-not-touch circuits.
Managing an eSIM is easier for everyone, whether you’re switching phones or moving to
another carrier.
If you’re using a dual-SIM phone with both a physical SIM card and eSIM, such as an
iPhone or Google Pixel, you may also be able to transfer your physical SIM information
directly to your eSIM. Many carriers allow for this, and iOS and Android provide tools to
make it quick and easy. Once that’s done, you can toss your old SIM card aside and free
up that slot for a physical SIM card for traveling.
Nevertheless, while you’ll want to check ahead, you may be pleasantly surprised to find
how many international carriers support eSIM, and it’s hard to argue that it’s much
easier to scan a QR code than trying to fiddle with swapping out a small and fragile SIM
card, especially when traveling through a busy airport.